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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 48(4): 258-63, jul.-ago. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-229610

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos - O presente estudo tem por finalidade avaliar a eficácia da ropivacaína - um novo anestésico local com menor oxicidade sistêmica - em bloqueio peribulbar para cirurgias intra-oculares, comparandoa com a bupivacaína. Método - participaram do estudo oitenta pacientes com idade entre 45 e 92 anos, estado físico I, II ou III (ASA), divididos em dois grupos. No grupo A (n=40) receberam ropivacaína a 1 por cento e no Grupo B bupivacína a 0,75 por cento, ambas adicionadas de hialuronidase 50 UL.ml elevado a menos 1, pela técnica de bloqueio peribulbar com duas punçöes. A qualidade do bloqueio foi avaliada através de método que quantifica a reduçäo da motilidade do globo ocular. Resultados - O percentual de pacientes com índice de motilidade ocular demonstrativo de sucesso de bloqueio foi maior no grupo A no 1º e no 5º minutos após a injeçäo. O índice de motilidade ocular no 5º minuto foi significativamente menor no grupo A. Aos 10 minutos näo houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto ao índice de motilidade ocular e 100 por cento dos pacientes em ambos os grupos apresentaram índice de motilidade demonstrativo de sucesso de bloqueio. Conclusöes - Embora tenha se evidenciado tendência para instalaçäo mais rápida do bloqueio com a ropivacaína, ambos os anestésicos locais mostraram-se igualmente eficazes em bloqueio peribulbar para a realizaçäo de cirurgias intra-oculares


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Anesthesia, Local , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/administration & dosage , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/therapeutic use , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 48(3): 169-76, maio-jun. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-229628

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos - a ropivacaína é um novo anestésico local que parece oferecer vantagens em termos de açäo sobre os receptores-alvo no tecido nervoso e de toxicidade sistêmica. O presente estudo tem por finalidade avaliar sua eficácia em anestesia peridural com finalidade cirúrgica. Método - participaram do estudo oitenta pacentes com idade entre 18 e 68 anos, estado físico I e II (ASA), submetidos a cirurgias eletivas de abdômen inferior, proctológicas, ginecológicas, urológicas e de membros inferiores sob anestesia peridural, divididos em dois grupos. No Grupo A (n=40) receberam 20ml de ropivacaína a 0,75 por cento e no B (n=40) 20ml de ropivacaína a 1 por cento, após punçäo em L3-L4 ou L2-L3. Foram avaliadas as características de instalaçäo e regressäo do bloqueio, a evoluçäo dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e resipratórios e a incidência de eventos adversos. Resultados - o nível superior de bloqueio sensorial variou entre T10 e T4, sendo o mais frequente T10 (52,50 por cento dos pacientes em ambos os grups). Näo houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quento ao tempo de latência (8,7ñ2,2min no Grupo A e 8,5ñ2,4min no B). As frequências de bloqueio motor grau 3 (bromage) foram 47,5 por cento no Grupo B e 5,0 por cento no A. O tempo para regressäo completa do bloqueio motor foi sgnificativamente maior no Grupo B (336,5ñ70,2min) do que no A (291,5ñ80,1min). Em 50 por cento dos pacientes do Grupo A e 45 por cento no Grupo B näo houve queixa de dor nas primeiras 24 horas do pós-operatório. Conclusöes - a boa qualidade do bloqueio, a estabilidade hemodinâmica, a analgesia residual e a baixa incidência de eventos adversos parecem fazer da ropivacaína uma boa alternativa em anestesia peridural com finalidade cirúrgica. A soluçäo a 1 por cento está melhor indicada quando se necessita de relaxamento muscular e a soluçäo a 0,75 por cento quando se deseja recupeaçäo mais rápida da atividade motora no pós-operatório


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, Epidural , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Abdomen/surgery , Colorectal Surgery , Diazepam/administration & dosage , Flunitrazepam/administration & dosage , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures , Orthopedics , Preanesthetic Medication , Urologic Surgical Procedures
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 46(4): 259-66, jul.-ago. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-189082

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives - Propofol is a good agent for intravenous infusaion because of its pharmacokinetic properties, such a high clearance and short elimination half-line. The aims of this non-comparative study were: to determine the total dose and the infusion rate of propofol for moderate sedation during epidural anesthesia; to examine cardiovascular and respiratory responses; and to evaluate postanesthetic recovery. Methods - Thirty adult physical status ASA I - II patients, aged 38.08 +- 12.58 years, undergoing elective surgeries under epidural anesthesia were studied. After an initial dose of 2.0-2.5 mg.Kg-1, a continuous intravenous infusion of propofol was maintained and the infusion rate was adjusted to provide moderate sedation. Propofol was discontinued at the end of the surgery. Results - The mean duration of the procedure was 88.16 +- 41.19 min. The mean total dose of propofol was 6.75 +- 2.13 Mg.Kg-1 and the mean infusion rate 3.19 +- 1.17 mg.Kg-1.h-1. The mean time for regression to stage IV (orientated in time and space) was 4.23 +- 0.76 min. Despite a reduction in arterial pressure after installation of the epidural block, there was no further reduction during the propofol infusion. A vasopressor was needed in 20 percent of patients. Cardiac rate remained stable both after installation of the epidural block and during the infusion. Conclusions - propofol intravenous infusion produces good and easily controllable sedation as an adjunct to epidural anesthesia, with few hemodynamic changes other than those inherent to epidural block, and immediate retur of consciousness and restoration of higher mental function at the end of the procedure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Analgesia, Epidural , Propofol/administration & dosage , Propofol/adverse effects , Conscious Sedation/methods
4.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 45(4): 215-23, jul.-ago. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-166851

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives - Sevoflurane is a new anhalational agent with low blood solubility which provides rapid induction and recovery, desirable characteristics in outpatient anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare sevoflurane and halothane regarding quality of induction, cardiovascular stability and characteristics of post-anesthetic recovery in pediatric outpatients. Methods - Forty-one physical status ASA I pediatric outpatients were allocated into two groups, as they received sevoflurane or halothane in N2O/O2 (50/50 per cent) for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Orotracheal intubation was performed after a sigle dose of succinylcholine. Monitoring throughout the study included PET CO2, ET N2O, ET O2, ET SEVO, ET HALO, SBP, DBP and HR. Results - Exposure time to the anesthetics were similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in induction times between the groups. Times to eye opening, to obey command, to orientation, and to discharge from phase I recovery were significantly shorter in the sevoflurane group as compared to the halothane group. Time to discharge from phase II recovery was also shorter in the sevoflurane group, although not statistically significant. The incidence of adverse effects was similar in both groups. Cardiovascular stability was good with both agents. Conclusions - The smooth and rapid induction, the good cardiovascular stability and the relatively low incidence of adverse effects make sevoflurane a good anesthetic for pediatric outpatients. The results of thie study regarding postanesthetic recovery time indicate some advantage of sevoflurane over halothane. Nevertheless, the early arousal causes intense pain perception soon after discontinuation of the anesthetic, thus requiring an effective method of postoperative analgesia


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Anesthesia, Inhalation/methods , Halothane , Halothane/adverse effects
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 45(4): 235-43, jul.-ago. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-166853

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives - Sufentanil is 5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl and this property parallels its greateraffinity for opioid receptors. The aims of thisnon-comparative study were to determine the dose requirements of sufentanil used as part of a balanced technique and to evaluate the cardiovascular consequences and the recovery from anesthesia following its use. Methods - Fifty adult ASA physical status I-II patients, aged 41.02 +- 11.45 years undergoing elective intra-abdominal surgeries were studied. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2 mg.Kg-1 and sufentanil 3.0 ug.Kg-1, followed by pancuronium and tracheal intubation. Patients received N2O/O2 (50/50 per cenmt) and were maintained under mechanical controlled ventilation in a rebreathing circuit with CO2 absorbant. Sufentanil infusion rate was adjusted in order to avoidsigns of light anesthesia. Both the opioid and N2O were discontinued 10 min before the presumed end surgery. Using non-invasive methods, systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressure, heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored throughout the procedure. Total consumption of sufentanil and infusion rate requirements were evaluated, as well as duration and quality anesthesia recovery, residual analgesia and perioperative complications. Results - The mean duration of the procedures was 162.42+-69.16 min, the mean total dose of sufentanil was 6.78+-2.29 ug.Kg-1 and the mean infusion rate was 0.024+-0.06 ug.Kg-1. The mean time for recovery to stage IV (well oriented in time and space) was 39.88+-13.95 min. Forty patients (80 per cent) required naloxone to antagonize respiratory depression 30 minafter the discontinuation of opioid infusion. Despiste the reduction in SAP, DAP and MAP following induction, tracheal intubation and surgical incision, there was good cardiovascular stability. Residual analgesia lasting more than 6 hours after discontinuation of sufentanil was observed in 66 per cent of the patients. Conclusions - The technique provides good anesthesia for intra-abdominal surgeries. In order to avoid light anesthesia, sufentanil infusion rate should be titrated for each patient. The high incidence of respiratory depression in the immediate postoperative period requires special observation of these patients in the recovery room


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Intravenous , Cholecystostomy , Colectomy , Gastrectomy , Hysterectomy , Pancreatectomy
6.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 45(3): 147-54, maio-jun. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-166819

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives - Sevoflurane is a new inhalational anesthetic with short induction and recovery times, which make it appropriate for outpatient surgery. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with sevoflurane in adult outpatients. Methods - Sevoflurane was used for maintenance of anesthesia in 40 adult patients, with age range of 30.9 +- 10.5 years and ASA physical status I or II, undergoing ambulatory procedures. Induction of anesthesia was obtained with midazolam 0.25 mg/Kg-1 and alfetanil 30 ug/Kg-1 and the patients were maintained with N2O/O2 (60/40 per cent), under tracheal intubation and controlled mechanical vntilation, in a rebreating system with CO2 absorption. Sevoflurane was administered via the Ohmeda Sevotec 5 vaporizer. Monitoring included SpO2, PETCO2, ETN2O, and ETSEVO, with the aid of the CapnomacOhmeda Datex. Systol;ic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were registered at the following moments: 1) one minute before induction; 2) one minute after tracheal intubation; 3) one minute before surgical incision; 4) five minutes after surgical incision; 5) ten minutes after discontinuation of sevoflurane. The following parameters related to recovery from anesthesia were studied: awakening time, time to verbal command, time to orientation, time to liberation from phase I, time to liberation from phase II (hospital discharge). Time of exposure to sevoflurane and untoward effects were also registered. Results - Mean time of exposure to sevoflurane was 81.1 +- 43.9 min and mean values of end tidal sevoflurane were 1.07 +- 0.40 per cent one miute after tracheal intubation, 1.75 +- 0.38 per cent one minute before surgical incision and 1.85 +- 0.61 per cent five minutes after surgical incision. Recovery times from anesthesia were as follows: awakening 19.1 +- 9.5 min; response to command 21.8 +- 11.2 min; orientation 26.8 +- 11.5 min; phase I 53.2 +- 9.7 min; phase II 144.9 +- 41.7 min. Hypotension (decrease in SBP greater than 30 per cent of pre induction values) ocurred in 17 patients (42.5 per cent) and was promptly controlled by reducing the inspired concentration of sevoflurane. Awareness did not occur and acceptance was good in all cases. Conclusions - The fast recovery and the low incidence of untoward effects indicate that sevoflurane is an appropriate anesthetic for outpatients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia, Inhalation/methods , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Outpatients
7.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 42(5): 531-5, set.-out. 1992. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-190881

ABSTRACT

Foi investigada a influência da pré-medicaçäo com clonidina sobre o consumo de alfentanil em técnica anestésica balanceada em 20 pacientes adultos com estado físico I ou II (ASA) submetidos a cirurgias eletivas intra-abdominais. A anestesia foi induzida com midazolam em "bolus" de 0,2 mg.Kg-1 e alfentanil em "bolus" de 50ug.Kg-1, mantida com infusäo venosa contínua de alfentanil associada a óxido nitroso/oxigênio a 50 por cento. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de 10: no grupo I (controle) receberam apenas diazepam 10 mg via oral na MPA; no grupo II, receberam clonidina 5 ug.Kg-1 via oral além do diazepam, 90 min antes do procedimento. A média obtida para a dose total de alfentanil no grupo II foi significativamente menor do que no grupo I (279,16 +- 70,40 vs. 372,67+-9l,52 ug.Kg-2, p<0,05). Obteve-se boa estabilidade hemodinâmica ao longo do procedimento em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que a inclusäo de clonidina na MPA reduz significativamente o consumo de alfentanil em técnica de anestesia balanceada, sem comprometer a estabilidade hemodinâmica dos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Alfentanil/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Interactions , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Preanesthetic Medication
8.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 19(1): 1-7, jan.-fev. 1992. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-108464

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam uma avaliacao prospectiva dos casosde atresia de esofago com fistula distal, submetidos a um protocolo proprio detratamento pre e pos-operatorio, que procura simplificar as condutas e permite as seguintes vantagens: evita a gastrostomia descompressiva;diminui o tempo de alimentacao parenteral; tecnica anestesica com respiracao espontanea assistida sem uso de repirador mecanico; acesso cirurgico simplificado; inicio precoce da alimentacao com leite; maior facilidade de controle pela enfermagem; possibilidade de alta mais precoce. O conjunto de beneficios propostos representa um tratamento global menos oneroso e com menor morbidade.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Atresia/surgery , Esophagus/surgery , Esophageal Atresia/therapy , Preoperative Care , Surgical Procedures, Operative
9.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 41(4): 247-52, jul.-ago. 1991. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-198216

ABSTRACT

A técnica de anestesia intravenosa total com propofol e alfentanil foi investigada em 20 pacientes com estado físico I ou II (ASA), com média de idade de 48,7 ñ 9,5 anos, submetidos a cirurgias eletivas. A anestesia foi induzida com propofol em "bolus" de 75 µg.kgúû e atracúrio 0,5 mg.kgúû, e mantida com infusoes intravenosas contínuas de propofol à velocidade de 50 µg.kgúû.minúû e alfentanil à velocidade de 1 µg.kgúû.minúû. Em 90 por cento dos pacientes foram necessárias uma ou mais doses suplementares de propofol (25 mg) e alfentanil (1 mg) no decorrer da cirurgia, em virtude de sinais de superficializaçao da anestesia. Observou-se hipotensso arterial logo após a induçso e a intubaçao traqueais, mas boa estabilidade circulatória durante a cirurgia. Registrou-se depressao respiratória durante a cirurgia. Registrou-se depressao respiratória no pós-operatório imediato em 1/3 dos pacientes. A regressao da anestesia foi rápida, com os pacientes bem orientados no tempo e no espaço, em um período médio de 20,3 ñ 4,8 min após interrupçao das infusoes. A analgesia residual foi pobre: apenas 25 por cento dos pacientes tiveram analgesia por tempo superior a duas horas após a interrupçao das infusoes. Nenhum paciente referiu memorizaçao de eventos transoperatórios


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Alfentanil/administration & dosage , Alfentanil/therapeutic use , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Propofol/administration & dosage , Propofol/therapeutic use
10.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 38(6): 427-30, nov.-dez. 1988.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-74897

ABSTRACT

É feita uma revisäo sobre o emprego do isoflurano em cirurgia cardíaca, a luz dos efeitos deste anestésico sobre o sistema cardiovascular, os quais têm como resultado final a diminuiçäo do consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio. Na estenose mitral, na insuficiência mitral e na estenose aórtica o isoflurano está bem indicado; o mesmo näo se pode dizer nos defeitos congênitos em que há comunicaçäo entre as circulaçöes sistêmica e pulmonar, nos quais a queda da resistência vascular sistemica pode aumentar subitamente o curto-circuito direito-esquerdo. É analisada a utilizaçäo do isoflurano na presença de cardiopatia isquêmica, concluindo-se que se trata de um anestésico seguro quando incluído em técnica balanceada com a finalidade de controlar hipertensäo intraoperatória, ou seja, quando näo há necessidade de altas concentraçöes inspiradas por longos períodos


Subject(s)
Isoflurane , Thoracic Surgery
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